Refillable fuse



July 29. 1924. 1,502.884

M. J. SANDiN REFILLABLE FUSE Original Filed Jan. l2 1920 WITNESSES! INVENTOR ATTORNEY Patented July 29, 1924.

UNITED STATES tsezasi PATENT OFFICE.

HAURITS J. SANDIN, 0F WILKINSBURG, PENNSYLVANIA, ASSIGNOR T0 WESTING- HOUSE ELECTRIC & MANUFACTURING COMPANY, A. CORPORATION 'OF PENNSYL- VANIA.

REFILLABLE Foss.

'Appllcalon filed January 12, 1920, Serial No. 350,948. Renewed February 2, 1924.

To all whom it may concern:

Be it known that I, JMAURITS J. SANDI'N a citizen of the United States, and a resident of \Vilkinsburg, in the county of Allegheny and State of Pennsylvania, have invented a new and ,useful Improvement in Refillable Fuses, of which the following is a specification.

My invention relates to fuses and particularly to refillable cartridge fuses.

One object of my invention is to provide a cartridgcfuse that shall permit the escape of gas to prevent damage to the cartridge; that shall so regulate the rate of escape of the gas as to maintain a proper relatively high internal pressure to reduce'the arc and that shall so conduct the gas through passages of predetermined cooling area as to prevent the emission of flame.

Another obect of my invention is to provide a plm'alit-y of members, for disposition adjacent. to each end of a refillable cartridge fuse, which are formed and related to provide a gas-cooling chamber or chambers of predetermined surface cooling area for a fuse of a given capacity.

Another object of my invention is to provide a refillable cartridge fuse that shall be effective in operation, economical to manufacture and easy to manipulate.

Reference may be had to copending application, Serial No. 351,000, filed Jan. 12, 1920, by M. J. Saudin and J. B. MacNeill and assigned to the \Vestinghouse Electric e Manufacturing Co. in which is disclosed a cartridge fuse adapted for substantially the same purpose as my present invention but which is of ditlerent operation and construction.

The present standard forms of cart-ridge fuses and the stationary terminal clips therefor are of certain dimensions and construction forgiven ratings. These featuies have resulted from relatively long practice during which the proper proportions, forms and materials have been determined.

The features of preventing the disruption of certain parts and the emission of flame have not, to the best of my knowledge, been de eloped to such a stage as to ensure all of the characteristics of economy, effectiveness and adaptability for use with cartridge fuses of standard sizes. Further, and irrespective of whether the fuses heretofore were of standard or of special construction,

employed lations between the internal pressure, the

rate of escape and the degree of cooling of the gases generated in the cartridge.

In practicing my present invention, I provide a cartridge fuse constructed in accord ance with standard requirements in which the internal pressure, rate of gas escapeand degree of cooling are of definite predetermined relation and co-operate in such manner as to permit the internal pressure to be of the highest value consistent with the strength of the cartridge to retard the arc. The gas is, also, so cooled as to prevent the emission of flame to the exterior of the cartridge.

Figure 1 of the. accompanying drawings is a view, partially in elevation and partially in section, of a renewable cartridge fuse embodying my invention; Fig. 2 is an end view of the same and Figs. 3, 4, 5, 6, 7 and 8 are detail views of various washers embodied in my invention.

The device comprises, in general, an insu' lating casing 1, end ferrules 2 having inwardly extending flanges 3, terminal blade members 4, washers 5 for positioning the blade members 4 with respect to the casing washers (3 for supporting the washers 5 on the blade members 4 by means of screws 7, washers 8 co-operating with the washers (3 to provide a gas-escape passage 9 therebetween to clearances between the blade members 4 and the washers 5 and 6, and a fusible element 10 attached to the smaller inner ends 11 of the blade members 4 by bolts 1'2and nuts 13 or other means.

The washers 6 and 8 are of such diameter as to be permitted of ready passage through the casing 1 and are rigidly'secured to-the blade member 4, as by swagmg, to provide a firm support for the washer 5,

The washers 5 and 6 have openings or slots It and 15, respectively, of predetermined greater transverse area than the cross section of the blade member 4, at the portion thereof on which they are respectively disthe interior diameter the the end d'f which it is held by the erably threaded to the 3, and has a lug or projecti portion 17 for co-operation with a notch not shown) in the end of the casin to align the members 4; with each other. eferrules 2 are prefcasing 1.

As\ehown more clearly in Figs. 7 and 8,

the washer-.8 is res'sed or otherwise formed to provide "a relatively shallow channel 18 therein which, when the washers 6 and 8 are mounted in operative position, co-opcrates with the washer (ito'form the passage 5 I tively-great cooling area,

' V 11 into fiat abutment The e i curely holding the washers 6 washer 6 is pl 9. The passage 9 has inner walls of relaas determined by the capacity of the fuse and the amount of gas nerated'thereby. v

' e direct escape of hot gases from the interior of the casin and out along the lade ,has heretofore en one of the principal objections to 'Ei'tain"knifeblade--type cartridge fuses in that, by reason of in perfect fitting and other causes, no definite cooling or control of the-rate of escape of gases has been attempted. In my presevice, the gases are directed, from the center of the cas' 1, outwardly towards the perimeter oft e casin at its ends, through the chambers 9 an through the openings 14 and 15 and along the blade members .4 to the outer air, as above described. j

When assemblin the terminal parts, the aced over the end 11 against the larger outer end of the blade member 4 and the washer 8 is, placed over the end with the washer 6. dges of the end 11 mav be upset, as by a chisel, to provide shoulders 19 for seand 8-in posi- In Operation, when. the element 10 is volatilized, a'quantity of gas, under relatively great pressure, is generated. If the escape passages are toorestricted, the force of this gaswill explode, or otherwise disrupt par-- tions of, the cartridge. It is, therefore, imperative that the pressure be reduced. on the other hand, a high pressure is desirable to assist in quenching the arc. The mean between these opposing factors lies in having the escape passages determined size for a fuse of given capacity. Also, in a fuse of given capacity, and, therefore, of certain flame-generating.property, a definite amount of cooling area. must be,

- provided to prevent any flame reaching the exterior of the cartridge. It is not sufiicicnt to-merely provide openings to p'crmit the escape of gas. The openings should be in accordance with the explosive force, in

which case the arc is-he l to a minimum at its inception for a fuse of and a cartridge of given strength.

.casing between the of a definite pre-' given capacity The area of the cooling surfaces between the washers 6 and 8 is of a predetermined size to cool the :flmme of thepredetermined arc, there being definite relations between internal opressure, rate of escape and the 7 amount cool' f While I, have siiown and described aparticular form of my invention, be effected therein without departing from the spirit and scope thereof, as set forth in the appended claims. 1

claim as m invention 1. A refillab e cartridge fuse comprisin a casing, aniend cap member therefor, an a terminal means movable with respect said casing and said cap-member aving spaced co-operating surfaces disposed. withand providinga gas-cooling in the casing chamber therebetween.

2. A refillable cartridge fuse comprising a casing, a terminal member, a washer on the terminal-member for positioning the latter with respect to the casing, a second washer on the terminal member forsecuring said first washer, and a third washer havin a surface spaced with respect to said second washer to provide a as-cooling sage therebetween from t e outer' ea thereof to an exteriorly-communicating passage adjacent to the terminal member.

3. A refillable cartridge fuse comprising a casing, a terminal-blade member, a washer loosely embracing the blade member for si-tionmg the same with respect to the easing, a washer for secnrin the positioning washer tothe blade mem r, and a third washer having a surface spaced with respect to said securing washer to provide a gascooling passage for directing the from the inner perimeter of the casing toward the terminal member and to the exterior of the blade member and said first and second washers.

4. A cartridge fuse comprising a casin a terminal member, a transverse washer su stautialiyclosing the end of the casing and provided with anopeniug through which the terminal projects, and means having a passage therein for deflecting and directing the arc. gases to. the said opening in a direction substantially transverse. to the axis of the'terminal member.

surfaces, one o f-the membersbeing provided changes may a with an opening through which the terminal proje ts and-the contiguous surfaces of the members being formed to provide a channel between them for the passage of are gases to the said opening. i

7. A cartridge fuse comprising a casing, a terminal member, a transverse washer substantiall closin the end of the casing and provi ed wit an opening throu h which the terminal projects, and means or deflecting and directing the are gases. to the said opening in a direction substantially transverse to the axis of the terminal mem- 8; A cartridge fuse comprising a casing,

a terminal member, a closure member provided with a. perforation through which the terminal member pro ects, and means cooperating therewith to deflect the gases and closure member and vided with a perforation through which the-terminal member rojects, and a washer on the'terminal mem r having a passage for conducting gases from a point ad acent the periphery: thereof to the said opening.

11, A cartridge fuse comprising a casing, a terminal member, a closure member havinga perforation through which the terminal member projects, and a washer on the terminal member having a groove extending from a point ad acent the periphery thereof to the said opening.

12. A cartridge fuse comprising a casin a terminal member, a transverse washer substantially closing the end of the casing, and provided with an opening through which theterminal member projects, and a washer co-opcrating therewith for preventing the passage of arc-gases to the opeulng except between the said washers, the said washers being. constructed to provide a passage for the gases thei-elmtween.

13. A cartridge fuse comprising a casing, a terminaLa closure member having a perforation through which the terminal projects, a gas-deflecting washer on the terminal, means for preventing longitudinal displacement of thedeflecting washer with respect to the terminal, and means independent of the terminal for preventing rela- -t1ve movement of the closure member and the deflecting Washer along the axis of the terminal.

ing from the said perforation.

14. A cartridge fuse, comprising a casing, a terminal, a pair of washers secured to the terminal and having a gas passage between themleading to an opening in one of the washers through which the terminal projects, and a.cl0sure member secured to the I casing and having an opening registering with the opening in the said washer, and means for securing the washers to the said closure member. l

terminal, apair of washers secured to the a i .075 15. A cartridgefuse comprising aca sing, a

terminal, one of them havin aperforation through which the termina rojects and the other being provided wit a. channel forming a gas passage between the washers for establishing communicationbetween the" interior of the casing and the; said perforc tion, and a closure member provided with.

a perforation registering with the perforation' inthe said washer.

16. A cartridge fuse comprising a casing,

a terminal, a pair of washers secured'to the terminal, one of them havin a perforation through which the ternnna projects andthe other being provided with Nchaniil forming a gas passage between the washers for establishing communication between the,

interior of the casing and the said erforation, and a closure member'provid with-a vent'to permit of the'escape of gases pfiss- 17. A cartridge fuse" comprisin a terminal member, a member or closing the end of the casing and provided with an opening through wh ch the terminal member a casing,

PI'OjECtS and which permits of the escape of 5 gases between the terminal member and the walls of the opening, and means havin a.

passage therein for deflecting and directing arc gases to the said opening in a direction substantially transverse to the axis of the terminal member. i

- 18. A cartridge fuse comprising a casing, a terminal mem r, a member for closing the end of the casing having means thereon for positioning the member with respect to v the casing and provided with an opening through which the terminal member projccts, and means having a'passage therein for deflecting and directing arc gases to the said opening in a, direction substantially.

transverse to the axis of the terminal memr I k 19. A cartridge fuse comprisin a casing,

a terminal member, a member or closing the end of the-casing provided with a. perforation through which the terminal memher projects, means co-operating therewith to deflect the gases and to conduct them be-.

tween the, closure member and the said means to the said perforation and means for positioning the said member with respect to the casing.

20. A cartridge fuse comprising acasing,

a pair 6f terminal members, a fusible eIeinterior of the casing andwhieh may be ment for connecting the terminal members,',

' closure members o'f greater diameter than ducting arc gases to the said perfbrationin the interior of the casing for closing the the closure member.

& ends of the casing, each provided with a per- In testimony whereof, I have hereunto foration through which the terminals prosubscribed my name this 31st day of Decemjct and a gas defiecting member on each ber,1919. v terminal member of less' diameter than the MAURITS J. SANDIN.

passed therethrough having means for con- 

